Gene therapy involves the deliberate alteration of an individual's genes to treat or prevent diseases. This groundbreaking approach aims to correct faulty genes or introduce therapeutic genes, paving the way for targeted and personalized medicine. Gene therapy, a promising medical field, involves modifying genes to treat or prevent diseases. Its reflection in the scientific community reveals both excitement for potential breakthroughs and concerns regarding ethical implications and long-term effects. While successes have been achieved, challenges such as precise targeting, immune responses, and unforeseen consequences necessitate ongoing research and ethical considerations in the pursuit of therapeutic advancements. Principles of Gene Therapy: At its core, gene therapy relies on the precise manipulation of genetic material. Two primary strategies include replacing a defective gene with a healthy one (gene replacement) or repairing a faulty gene (gene editing). With advancements li